thumb|250px|Yuma Crossing og jernbanebroen i 1886. Broen er bygget i 1877.
thumb|250px|Yuma-færgen i 1889
'''Yuma''' er hovedsæde i Yuma County, Arizona nær grænsen mellem USA og Mexico.

'''Yuma''' (tidligere Colorado City; derefter Arizona City og til sidst Yuma) opstod på grund af Californiens guldfeber. 

For at komme til Californien og dennes velstand, skulle guldgraverne krydse Colorado River et eller andet sted. En militærrapport fra 1846 beskriver, at floden var 186 m bred på det mest snævre sted. Kun på stedet, hvor Colorado River og Gila River mødtes, var det muligt at gøre det relativt nemt, og det gjorde stedet naturligt til bosættelse. 

På trods af at Colorado-floden blev undersøgt af spanierne i starten af 1540'erne blev den første spanske beboelse ikke grundlagt før 1775, da Fader Francisco Garcés (som ledte missionærer i følge med soldater), grundlagde en mission tæt ved stedet, hvor floderne mødtes.

==Kilde==
*{{kilde bog|forfatter=Bobby Zlatevski|titel=I bil igennem Arizona
|år=2001|sted=Søllested|udgiver=Bobby's Korrespondance Service|id=ISBN 87-986396-1-7}}

Kategori:Byer i Arizona

{{Infobox Settlement
|official_name            = City of Yuma, Arizona
|other_name               = 
|native_name              = <!-- for cities whose native name is not in English -->
|nickname                 = 
|motto                    = 
|image_skyline            = 
|imagesize                = 
|image_caption            = 
|image_flag               = 
|flag_size                = 
|image_seal               = |seal_size                = 
|image_shield             = 
|shield_size              = 
|image_blank_emblem       = 
|blank_emblem_size        = 
|image_map                = Yuma County Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Yuma highlighted.svg
|mapsize                  = 250x250px
|map_caption              = 
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|mapsize1                 = 
|map_caption1             = 
|pushpin_map              = <!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map -->
|pushpin_label_position   = <!-- the position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none -->
|subdivision_type         = Country
|subdivision_name         = United States
|subdivision_type1        = State
|subdivision_name1        = Arizona
|subdivision_type2        = County
|subdivision_name2        = Yuma
|government_type          = 
|leader_title             = Mayor
|leader_name              = Lawrence K. Nelson (R)
|leader_title1            = 
|leader_name1             = 
|leader_title2            = 
|leader_name2             = 
|leader_title3            = 
|leader_name3             = 
|leader_title4            = 
|leader_name4             = 
|established_title        = 
|established_date         = 
|established_title2       = Incorporated
|established_date2        = 1914
|established_title3       = <!-- Incorporated (city) -->
|established_date3        = 
|area_magnitude           = 
|unit_pref                = <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired-->
|area_footnotes           = 
|area_total_km2           = 276.4
|area_land_km2            = 276.2
|area_water_km2           = 0.2
|area_total_sq_mi         = 106.7
|area_land_sq_mi          = 106.7
|area_water_sq_mi         = 0.1
|area_water_percent       = 0.07
|area_urban_km2           = 
|area_urban_sq_mi         = 
|area_metro_km2           = 
|area_metro_sq_mi         = 
|population_as_of         = 2006
|population_footnotes     = 
|population_note          = 
|settlement_type          = City
|population_total         = 135,423
|population_density_km2   = 280.6
|population_density_sq_mi = 726.8
|population_metro         = 
|population_density_metro_km2     = 
|population_density_metro_sq_mi   = 
|population_urban                 = 
|population_density_urban_km2     = 
|population_density_urban_sq_mi   = 
|timezone                 = MST (no DST)
|utc_offset               = -7
|timezone_DST             = 
|utc_offset_DST           = 
|area_code                = 928 928
|latd = 32 |latm = 41 |lats = 32 |latNS = N
|longd = 114 |longm = 36 |longs = 55 |longEW = W
|elevation_footnotes      = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags-->
|elevation_m              = 43
|elevation_ft             = 138
|postal_code_type         = 
|postal_code              = 
|area_code                = 928
|website                  = http://www.YumaAZ.gov/
|blank_name               = FIPS code
|blank_info               = 04-85540
|blank1_name              = GNIS feature ID
|blank1_info              = 0014111
|footnotes                = 
}}
'''Yuma''' is the Yuma County, Census Bureau estimate of 135,423.<ref name=popest2></ref>

==Geography==

Yuma is located at  (32.692148, -114.615389), close to the border, with Gila and Colorado River confluence.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 106.7&nbsp;square miles (276.4&nbsp;km²), of which, 106.7&nbsp;square miles (276.2&nbsp;km²) of it is land and 0.1&nbsp;square miles (0.2&nbsp;km²) of it (0.07%) is water.

== History ==
thumb|left|220px|Yuma Crossing and RR bridge in 1886. The bridge was built in 1877.
The area's first settlers were Native American Tribes, whose descendants occupy the Cocopah and Quechan reservations near the city. In 1540, expeditions under Hernando de Alarcon and Melchior Diaz visited here and immediately saw the natural crossing of the Colorado River was an ideal spot for a city.

thumb|250px|Yuma-ferry in year 1889From the 1850s through the 1870s, the Yuma Crossing was known for its steamboat crossing, and spot for them to stop on the way up and down the river.  The steamboats transported passengers and equipment for the various mines and military outposts.  Yuma served as the gateway to the new Republic (later State) of California, as it was one of the few natural spots to cross the very wide Colorado River.  The Southern Pacific Railroad bridged the river in 1870 and helped continue Yuma as a major hub in the desert southwest.  Yuma became the county seat for the area in 1864.  Famous farm labor organizer Cesar Chavez was born and spent much of his life in Yuma.

==Demographics==
{{USCensusPop
|1870=1144
|1880=1200
|1890=1773
|1900=1519
|1910=2914
|1920=4237
|1930=4892
|1940=5325
|1950=9145
|1960=23974
|1970=29007
|1980=42481
|1990=56966
|2000=77515
|estimate=87523
|estyear=2006
|footnote=<ref>Gibson, Campbell. "[http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0027.html Population of the 100 Largest Cities and Other Urban Places in the United States: 1790 to 1990]." ''United States Census Bureau.'' June, 1998. Retrieved on October 7 2006.</ref>
}}
Yuma is the central city of the Yuma, AZ MSA (Yuma County. According to the United States Census Bureau, the 2007 estimated population of the Yuma MSA is 190,557,<ref>[http://www.census.gov/population/www/estimates/metrodef.html Current Lists of Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas and Definitions<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> though more than 85,000 winter visitors make Yuma their winter residence.<ref> </ref>

As of the White, 3.21% Black or African American, 1.51% Native American, 1.50% Asian, 0.19% Pacific Islander, 21.36% from other races, and 3.90% from two or more races.  45.67% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 26,649 households out of which 38.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.6% were married couples living together, 13.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.4% were non-families. 21.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.  The average household size was 2.79 and the average family size was 3.27.

In the city the population was spread out with 29.6% under the age of 18, 11.9% from 18 to 24, 27.1% from 25 to 44, 17.5% from 45 to 64, and 13.9% who were 65 years of age or older.  The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females there were 99.1 males.  For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.2 males.

According to the 2006 American Community Survey estimate, the median income for a household in the city was $39,885, and the median income for a family was $41,588. Males had a median income of $35,440 versus $27,035 for females. The per capita income for the city was $18,393.  About 14.1% of families and 16.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 23.4% of those under age 18 and 13.9% of those age 65 or over.
In addition to low income,  some Yuma residents are also below the poverty line because Yuma tops CareerBuilder.com's list of 20 U.S. cities with the highest unemployment rates.<ref>[http://msn.careerbuilder.com/custom/msn/careeradvice/viewarticle.aspx?articleid=834&SiteId=cbmsnhp4834&sc_extcmp=JS_834_home1&cbRecursionCnt=2&cbsid=9993d2fb3f4747d195c6366fd1466500-212781996-WB-2&GT1=8522|¹ CareerBuilder.com Article]</ref>

==Climate==
Yuma is one of the hottest cities of any size in the United States, with average July high temperatures of 107 degrees Fahrenheit. (By way of comparison, the corresponding figure for Death Valley is 115 degrees.) Average January highs are around 69 degrees. According to the Guinness Book of World Records, Yuma is the sunniest place on earth. Of the possible 4,456 hours of daylight each year, the sun shines in Yuma for roughly 4,050 hours, or about 90% of the time. The near perfect flying weather year round attracts military interest in training their pilots here. On average Yuma receives about 3 inches of rain annually.

On July 28 1995 Yuma reached its all-time high at 124 degrees. The lowest temperature for Yuma to fall to was 13 degrees on the Yuma mesa in January of 2007. The temperature fell to 13 degrees for approximately 2 hours and was detrimental to the many crops grown in and around Yuma. The crop that suffered the most damage was the citrus on the Yuma mesa, most notably the Lemon crop which suffered a 75 to 95% loss of not only crop, but trees and stated by the Arizona Department of Agriculture in a February 2007 report.

In 1997, the desert city sustained a full Hurricane Nora made mm of rain at Marine Corps Air Station Yuma.

{| class="wikitable" "text-align:center;font-size:90%;"|
| colspan="13" style="text-align:center;font-size:120%;"|Monthly Normal and Record High and Low Temperatures
|-
! style="background: #E5AFAA; color: #000000" height="17" | Month
! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | Jan
! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | Feb
! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | Mar
! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | Apr
! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | May
! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | Jun
! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | Jul
! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | Aug
! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | Sep
! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | Oct
! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | Nov
! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | Dec
|-
! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" height="16;" | Rec High °F
| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 88
| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 97
| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 100
| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 107
| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 116
| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 122
| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 124
| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 120
| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 116
| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 112
| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 98
| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 86
|-
! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" height="16;" | Norm High °F
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 69.9
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 75.2
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 80.1
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 87.2
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 94.7
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 104.4
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 107.3
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 106.1
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 101
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 90.3
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 77.3
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 69
|-
! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" height="16;" | Norm Low °F
| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 46.2
| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 48.8
| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 52.8
| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 58.1
| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 65.1
| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 73.2
| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 80.8
| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 80.8
| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 75.3
| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 64
| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 52.2
| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 45.8
|-
! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" height="16;" | Rec Low °F
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 13
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 28
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 32
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 41
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 46
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 54
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 63
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 63
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 53
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 35
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 30
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 27
|-
! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" height="16;" | Precip (in)
| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 0.38
| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 0.28
| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 0.27
| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 0.09
| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 0.05
| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 0.02
| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 0.23
| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 0.61
| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 0.26
| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 0.26
| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 0.14
| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 0.42
|-
| colspan="13" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;"|''Source: USTravelWeather.com [http://www.ustravelweather.com/weather-arizona/yuma-weather.asp]''
|}

==Sites of interest==
thumb|150px|right|Desert near Yuma in 2005.

Yuma contains the historical Martinez and Mittry Lakes, and the Algodones Dunes, which draw tens of thousands of visitors every year especially during thanksgiving.  