{{Infobox Film |
  name     = Grave of the Fireflies<BR>火垂るの墓  |
  image          = Grave of the Fireflies DVDcover.jpg |
  imdb_rating    = Image:4 out of 5.png<br>8.1/10 (9,956 votes)|
  imdb_id        = 0095327 |
  writer         = '''Novel:'''<br />Akiyuki Nosaka<br />'''Screenplay:'''<br />Isao Takahata|
  starring       = Tsutomu Tatumi<br>Ayano Shiraishi<br>Yoshiko Shinohara<br>Akemi Yamaguchi |
  director       = Isao Takahata |
  producer       = Toru Hara |
  music          = 
  editing        = Takeshi Seyama |
  cinematography = Nobuo Koyama |
  distributor    = Toho |
  released   = 22px|Japan 22px|South Korea April 5, 1989|
  runtime        = 88 min. |
  language = English German Italian Spanish  Japanese |
  amg_id = 1:20532|
  budget = Unknown
}}

  is a movie written and directed by Isao Takahata for Shinchosha.<ref>. Accessed 2007-06-20.</ref>  This is the first film produced by Shinchosha, who hired Studio Ghibli to do the animation production work. It is an adaptation of the semi-autobiographical novel of the same name by Akiyuki Nosaka, intended as a personal apology to the author's own sister. 

Some critics—most notably Roger Ebert—consider it to be one of the most powerful anti-war movies ever made. Animation historian Ernest Rister compares the film to Steven Spielberg's ''Schindler's List'' and says, "it is the most profoundly human animated film I've ever seen."<ref></ref>

==Plot==
Taking place toward the end of firebombing of Kobe, and their father in service to the Imperial Japanese Navy, and as a result they are forced to try to survive amidst widespread famine and the callous indifference of their countrymen (some of whom are their own extended family members).

The movie begins in Sannomiya Station, and shows the second main character: Seita, dying from starvation there in rags. A janitor comes and digs through his things, and finds a candy tin, containing Setsuko's ashes. He throws it out, and from there springs the spirit of Setsuko, Seita and a group of fireflies. The two spirits provide narrative throughout the story. The film is, in effect, an extended flashback to Japan, at the end of World War II during the Kobe firebombings. Setsuko and Seita, the two siblings, are left to secure the house and their belongings, allowing their mother, suffering from a heart complaint to proceed to a bomb shelter. They are caught off-guard by a batch of bombs dropped in their vicinity, although they survive unscathed. Their mother, however, is caught in the air raid and dies from burn wounds. Having nowhere else to go, Setsuko and Seita go to live with their aunt, and write letters to their father. On the second day that they stay there, Seita goes out to get the left over supplies which he had buried in the ground to preserve before the bombing which killed their mother. He gives all of it to his aunt, but hides a small tin of fruit drops. This tin of fruit drops later proves a recurrent icon in the film. Following cruelty from their aunt, who gives them barely enough food, insults them and sells their mother's kimonos for rice, which she keeps for herself, Seita and Setsuko finally decide to go and live in an old, abandoned bomb shelter. Gradually, they begin to run out of rice, and Setsuko begins to starve. In desperation, Seita removes all the money from their mother's bank account, when he learns of his father's death. He buys a large quantity of food, and rushes back to the shelter, where he finds Setsuko hallucinating. She is sucking marbles which she believes are fruit drops and offers him 'rice balls' which are really only made out of mud. Finally, she dies of starvation. Seita cremates her, using supplies donated to him by a farmer and leaves her ashes in the fruit tin, which he carries with his father's photograph, until his death.

At the end of the film, the spirits of Seita and Setsuko are seen—no longer raggedy and etiolated but healthy and well-dressed—sitting side by side as they look down on the modern-day city of Kobe.

==Story origin and interpretations==
The story is based on the semi-autobiographic novel by the same name, whose author, Nosaka, lost his sister due to malnutrition in 1945 wartime Japan.  He blamed himself for her death and wrote the story so as to make amends to her and help him accept the tragedy.  

Due to the graphic and truly emotional depiction of the negative consequences of war on society and the individuals therein, some critics have viewed ''Grave of the Fireflies'' as an anti-war film. The film does provide an insight into Japanese culture by focusing its attention almost entirely on the personal tragedies that wars give rise to, rather than seeking to glamorize it as a heroic struggle between competing ideologies. <ref></ref>

== About the title ==
Japanese nouns do not change to form plurals, so ''hotaru'' can refer to one firefly or many. Seita and Setsuko catch fireflies and use them to illuminate the bomb shelter in which they live.  The next day, Setsuko digs a grave for all of the dead insects, and asks "Why do fireflies die so soon?", so the title might serve to heighten the symbolic and thematic significance of the incident.  

Alternatively, it may be that Setsuko is the "firefly" of the title, herself dying young. If so, the title can be interpreted as ''A Grave for a Firefly''. Or to maintain the lack of distinction over plurals, ''The Firefly Grave'' could also be used.

In the Japanese title of the movie the word ''hotaru'' (firefly) is written not with its usual kanji 蛍 but with the two kanji 火 (''hi'', fire) and 垂 (''tareru'', to dangle down, as a droplet of water about to fall from a leaf). This can evoke images of fireflies as droplets of fire. Some consider that this evokes senkō hanabi, a fire droplet firework (a sparkler firework which is held upside down). This is particularly poignant in this respect because it must be held very still or the fire will drop and die, which represents the fragility of life. Senkō hanabi also evoke images of family, because it is a summer tradition in Japan for families to enjoy fireworks together. Fireworks, in general, are considered to be another symbol of the ephemerality of life. Watching fireflies is another summer family tradition. Together, the references evoke the bond between Seita and Setsuko, but at the same time emphasize their isolation due to the absence of their parents. 

Alternatively, pairing the two kanji for "fire" and "dangle down" may also be a metaphor for the experience of aerial bombing using incendiary weapons.  Anecdotal evidence suggests that the Japanese during the war sometimes referred to falling and exploding incendiary bomblets as "fireflies."

===Firefly symbolism===
Particular firefly symbolism in the movie:
* Actual fireflies (who die and are buried by Setsuko)
* The children themselves, especially Setsuko, who die young
* Kamikaze planes and pilots: Setsuko observes that a passing kamikaze plane looks like a firefly
* Incendiary bomblets (as in the title kanji)

Mature fireflies which emit light have extremely short life spans of two to three weeks and are traditionally regarded as a symbol of impermanence, which resonates with much of classical Japanese tradition (as with cherry blossoms). Fireflies are also symbolic of the human soul ("Heike family, all of whose members perished in a famous historic naval engagement - the Battle of Dan-no-ura.)

{{กล่องข้อมูล การ์ตูน/ส่วนหัว
| title_name = สุสานหิ่งห้อย
| image = Grave of the Fireflies.jpg
| image_size = 250px
| caption = 
| ja_name = 火垂るの墓
| en_name = Grave of the Fireflies
| demographic = โชเน็น
| genre = ดราม่า
}}

'''สุสานหิ่งห้อย''' Grave of the Fireflies (火垂るの墓 Hotaru no Haka) ญี่ปุ่น หนังดัดแปลงมาจากหนังสืออัตชีวประวัติของ อะคิยูกิ โนซากะ ผู้สูญเสียน้องสาวตัวน้อยๆ ด้วยสาเหตุจากการขาดอาหารระหว่างสงคราม สุสานหิ่งห้อยออกฉายในปี ค.ศ. 1988 กำกับโดยอิซาโอะ ทาคาฮาตะ (Isao Takahata)

== เนื้อเรื่อง ==

เป็นเรื่องราวความรักความสัมพันธ์ของสองพี่น้องที่อาศัยอยู่ในเมืองญี่ปุ่นเหตุการณ์เกิดระหว่างสงครามโลกครั้งที่ 2 เซตะ โยโกกาวา ลูกชายคนแรกของนายพลทหารเรือ อายุ 14 ปี กำลังขนเสบียงลงหลุมเพื่อมีอาหารเวลาสงครามสงบ และในเวลานั้นเครื่องบินกำลังบินผ่านมายังเมืองเพื่อปล่อยระเบิดครั้งรุนแรงกว่าที่ผ่านมา เซตะจึงให้แม่ของตนออกเดินทางไปยังหลุมหลบภัยก่อน เนื่องจากแม่เป็นโรคหัวใจ โดยเซตะ และ น้องสาว เซตซโกะ อายุ 4 ขวบ จะพาไปเอง ซึ่งระหว่างทางไปหลุมหลบภัย ระเบิดจากเครื่องบินของทหารอเมริกาถูกทิ้งลงมา ทำให้เซตะและเซซึโกะ พลัดหลงกับแม่ของพวกเขา ทำให้เซตะพาน้องสาวไปหลบภัยอยู่หลังเนินถนนสูงเป็นกำแพงหินริมทะเล ซึ่งภายหลังพวกเขาพบว่าบ้านของพวกเขาถูกไฟไหม้หมดทั้งหลัง และรอบๆบริเวณนั้นถูกทำลายทั้งหมด 

สองพี่น้องพยายามตามหาแม่ มีคนมากบอกเซตะว่าแม่ของเขาบาดเจ็บสาหัสและเสียชีวิตลงเนื่องจากถูกไฟลวก และเมื่อเวลาผ่านไปเซซึโกะถามหาแม่ของเขาแต่เซตะบ่ายเบียงไม่ยอมบอกและปกปิดน้องสาวของเขาไม่ให้รู้ว่าแม่ได้เสียชีวิตแล้ว  และทั้งสองก็ได้ไปอยู่กับป้า ฮิซาโกะ ของพวกเขา ซึ่งป้าของเซตะถามถึงอาการปาดเจ็บของแม่ เซตะจึงต้องบอกความจริงไปว่าแม่ได้เสียชีวิตไปแล้ว และต่อมาพวกเขาก็ทนนิสัยป้าของเขาไม่ไหวจึงออกจากบ้านป้ามาทั้งสองคน ทั้งสองพี่น้องจึงไปอยู่ในเหมืองเก่าๆ ซึ่งในสมัยก่อนใช้เป็นที่หลบภัย ภายในเหมืองมีแสงสว่างน้อยมากทำให้เซซึโกะกลัวความมืด เมื่อเป็นเช่นนั้น เซตะพี่ชายจึงไปหาหิ่งห้อยมาปล่อยไว้มากมายทำให้มีแสงสว่างมากพอทำให้เซซึโกะไม่กลัว 