{{Infobox Military Conflict
|conflict=Taipei Air Raid
|partof=Pacific theater
|image=200px
|caption=Location of bombs landed during Taipei Air Raid
|date=May 31, 1945
|place=Taipei, Taiwan
|result=Allied victory
|combatant1=
|combatant2=
|strength1=Virtually nonexistent
|strength2=117 B-24 
|casualties1=Civilians killed: 3,000+<br>Wounded/Displaced: tens of thousands
|casualties2=none
}}
'''Taipei Air Raid''' (Traditional Chinese: 臺北大空襲/台北大空襲, Simplified Chinese: 台北大空袭), which took place on May 31, 1945, was the largest Allied air raid on the city of Taipei, known back then as Taihoku. Despite efforts by Allied strategy planners to minimize civilian casualties, many residents were killed in the raid and tens of thousands wounded or displaced.
==Background==
As early as 1943, Takao Harbor, and fighter production facility in the outskirt of Takao. Also, Taipei, the capital and political and financial center of Taiwan, had been under constant aerial assaults by the Allies since that time.

==Air Raid==
On May 31, 1945, units of the Fifth Air Force consisting of 117 B-24 heavy bombers were sent to conduct the largest air raid ever on Taiwan. The bombing began from around ten o'clock in the morning and lasted until one o'clock the the afternoon, during which the attack was non-stop. The Americans met virtually no resistance from the Japanese, mainly due to the attrition the Japanese air forces had suffered in the Aerial Battle of Taiwan-Okinawa, which reduced the number of Japanese aircraft in Taiwan from 230 fighters to almost none. The Allies dropped approximately 3,800 bombs on the military units and governmental facilities in Taipei; many other buildings within the downtown area and Japanese quarter also suffered various damages. 

The Office of Governor-General of Taiwan suffered a direct hit, in spite of the building being heavily camouflaged to avoid being targeted. The building suffered extensive damage from fire caused by the bombs and almost collapsed on itself; it was rendered unoccupiable and was not repaired until the Nationalist Chinese takeover. Other facilities hit during the bombing included the residence of the Assistant Governor-General, Taiwan Railway Hotel, Office of Governor-General Library, Army Headquarters, Imperial University of Taipei, Taipei Main Station, Bank of Taiwan, Taipei High Court, Taipei Park, and many other facilities.

Although the Allies tried to avoid civilian casualties, many civilian installations were mistakenly bombed, including Taipei First Girls' High School, Huashan Catholic Church of Taipei, and the famous Lungshan Temple, which was hit in the main building and the left corridor; many precious artifacts and art works in the temple were lost in the ensuing fire.

==Aftermath==
The number of deaths totaled more than 3,000, which exceeded the total number of deaths resulting from all the previous air raids on Taiwan by the Allies. Tens of thousands of people were displaced or became homeless, and many buildings were destroyed either by the attacks or by the fire caused by the attacks. The air raid showed that the city was defenseless against Allied aerial assaults, and the Governor-General ordered schools and other installations to be evacuated, and that more air raid drills be held.

'''台北大空襲'''（たいほくだいくうしゅう）は日本統治時代の台湾台北州台北市に対して行われた無差別爆撃である。この空襲で市民約3000人が死亡、重軽傷者並びに家を失った者は数万人以上に上った。

==空襲の背景==
1943年11月25日、アメリカ陸軍の第14航空隊第11爆撃中隊に属する8機と米中混成軍団第1大隊第2中隊の6機、合計14機のB-25は、第14航空隊第23戦闘大隊のP-51及びP-38各8機の援護の下、中国遂川基地を飛び立ち、台湾の新竹飛行場を爆撃、日本軍機52機に損害を与える台湾に対する空襲を行った。これより以前、ロシア義勇軍と中国空軍第1大隊による松山飛行場に対する攻撃を1938年2月23日に実施しているが、いずれも小規模且つ軍事拠点を目標にしたのものであった。

アメリカ軍による本格的な台湾空襲は第二次世界大戦末期、アメリカ軍がフィリピンのスービック湾を奪取した後の屏東や虎尾の製糖アルコール生成工場、高雄港、岡山航空廠を目標にした。そして台北もアメリカ軍の空襲範囲に含まれ、頻繁な攻撃を受けるようになった。

==空襲の顛末==
アメリカ軍による台北空襲で最も被害が大きかったのが1945年5月31日の空襲である。フィリピンスービック湾に駐留するアメリカ第5航空隊は、四航空大隊の合計117機のB-24を派遣しこの任務に当たらせた。駐菲アメリカ空軍は3機のB-24を一編隊とし、5月31日の午前10時より午後1時まで台北を目標とした空襲を加えた。

1944年10月10日より始まった台湾沖航空戦の結果、当初台湾に230機あった戦闘機はほぼ壊滅状態であり、地上に残された対空砲火施設のあった台北城内（現在の台北市忠孝西路、中華路、愛国西路、中山南路に囲繞された地域）、城外の台湾歩兵第一連隊、野砲兵第48連隊（現在の中正紀念堂）などの軍事施設を初め、台湾総督府を含む、栄町、京町、若竹町、老松町、兒玉町、古亭町などの主要官庁などが3,800発の強力爆弾の被害を受けた。

==死傷者と影響==
この空襲において最も大きな物的被害を蒙ったのは台湾総督府である。総督府は空襲を避けるために偽装が施されていたが、正面に命中弾を受け建造物は傾斜、及び火災に見舞われ使用不可能となった。このほか総務長官官邸、鉄道ホテル、総督府図書館、軍司令部、台北帝国大学付属病院、台北駅、高等裁判所、度量衡工廠などの官庁が程度の差こそあれ被害を受けている。