{|
{{Infobox Ship Image
|Ship image=300px
|Ship caption=''Retvizan'' (1902 - 1924)
}}
{{Infobox Ship Career
|Hide header=
|Ship country=
|Ship flag=60px|Naval Ensign of Russia
|Ship class=Retvizan
|Ship name=''Retvizan''
|Ship ordered= 1898-5-02
|Ship awarded=
|Ship builder=William Cramp and Sons, Philadelphia 
|Ship laid down= 1899-07-29
|Ship launched= 1900-10-23
|Ship christened=
|Ship acquired=
|Ship commissioned= 1902-03-23
|Ship recommissioned=
|Ship decommissioned=
|Ship in service=
|Ship out of service=Sunk by Japanese Howitzers in Port Arthur, China 6 December 1904, Salvaged and repaired by Japanese
|Ship renamed=''Hizen'' 1908
|Ship reclassified=
|Ship refit=
|Ship captured=2 January 1905
|Ship struck=
|Ship reinstated=
|Ship fate=
|Ship status=
|Ship homeport=
}}
{{Infobox Ship Career
|Hide header=
|Ship country=
|Ship flag=60px|Japan Naval Ensign
|Ship class=
|Ship name=''Hizen''
|Ship ordered= 
|Ship awarded=
|Ship builder=
|Ship laid down= 
|Ship launched= 
|Ship christened=
|Ship acquired=1905
|Ship commissioned=1908
|Ship recommissioned=
|Ship decommissioned=April 1922
|Ship in service=
|Ship out of service=Sunk as gunnery target 20 September 1924
|Ship renamed=
|Ship reclassified=
|Ship refit=
|Ship captured=
|Ship struck=
|Ship reinstated=
|Ship fate=
|Ship status=
|Ship homeport=
}}
{{Infobox Ship Characteristics
|Hide header=
|Header caption=
|Ship displacement=12,708 tons standard
|Ship length=117.85 m (386ft 8 inch)
|Ship beam=22&nbsp;m (72&nbsp;feet 2 inch)
|Ship draught=7.6&nbsp;m (25&nbsp;feet)
|Ship draft=
|Ship propulsion=2 shaft, 2 Vertical triple expansion engines, 24 coal fired Niclausee type boilers, 16,000 hp
|Ship speed=18&nbsp;knots 
|Ship range=4900 nm at 10 knots
|Ship endurance=
|Ship test depth=
|Ship boats=
|Ship capacity=
|Ship complement=28 officers, 722 men
|Ship time to activate=
|Ship sensors=
|Ship EW=
|Ship armament= 4 x 12 in (305 mm) guns (2 x 2),
<br> 12 x 6 in (152 mm) guns (12 x 1), 
<br> 20 x 75 mm guns, 
<br> 24 x 47mm guns
<br>6 x 37 mm guns
<br>6 x 15 in (381 mm) torpedo tubes
|Ship armour=Belt 9 inches (229 mm) (Krupp armour), 
<br>Deck 2  to 3 inches (51 to 76 mm), 
<br>Turrets 9 inches (229 mm)<br>Barbettes 8 inches (203 mm)<br>Conning tower 10 inches (254mm)
|Ship armor=
|Ship aircraft=
|Ship motto=
|Ship nickname=
|Ship honours=
|Ship notes=
}}
|}

'''''Retvizan''''' '''(Ретвизан)''' was a Russian pre-''Dreadnought'' battleship which fought in the Russo-Japanese War. She was unique in that many of her components and their actual fabrication was done in the United States for the Imperial Russian Navy.  Much of her side armor was forged by the Bethlehem Steel Corporation, and she was built by the William Cramp and Sons Ship & Engine Building Company of Philadelphia. The armament was made at the Obukhov works in St Petersburg and shipped to America for installation. 

''Retvizan'' was named after the Swedish battleship ''Rättvisa'' which was captured by the Russians at the Battle of Sveaborg in 1790. She was ordered in 1898, laid down 29 July 1899, launched 23 October 1900, and commissioned on 23 March 1902. The ship had extensive trials in America before delivery to the Baltic where she took part in a Naval Review in Reval staged for the State visit of Kaiser Wilhelm II in August 1902.

She was designed for service in the Pacific and was a combination of Russian and American design. She arrived at Port Arthur (now Lüshunkou) China on 4 May 1903.

She was present at the Battle of Port Arthur where she was torpedoed by Japanese destroyers and grounded, five men were killed. She was repaired and took part in the Battle of the Yellow Sea, where she was hit by 18 shells and suffered 6 dead and 43 wounded. She was subsequently trapped in Port Arthur and sunk at her moorings by numerous howitzer shells on 6 December 1904, during the Siege of Port Arthur.

<div class="thumb tright">
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 0em; width: 300px; background:#ffffff"
|colspan="2"|300px|レトヴィザン
|-
!colspan="2" style="background: #f0f0f0"|艦歴
|-
|発注
|
|-
|起工
|1898年12月
|-
|進水
|1900年10月23日
|-
|就役
|1902年3月25日
|-
|除籍
|1923年9月20日
|-
|その後
|1924年7月25日撃沈処分
|-
!colspan="2" style="background: #f0f0f0"|性能諸元
|-
|排水量
|常備：12,700t
|-
|全長
|117.85m
|-
|全幅
|22.0m
|-
|吃水
|7.92m
|-
|機関
|2軸レシプロ3筒三段膨張2基<br />ニクロス式石炭専焼24缶<br />16,000馬力
|-
|最大速
|18ノット
|-
|兵員
|738名
|-
|兵装
|30.5cm砲連装2基<br />15.2cm砲単装12<br />7.5cm単装砲20基<br />4.7cm単装砲24基<br />37mm機関砲8基<br />魚雷発射管6門
|}
</div>
'''レトヴィザン'''<ref>『日本海軍の戦艦「'''肥前'''」となった。

== 概要 ==
兵力を増強する日本海軍に対抗し、太平洋艦隊を増強するためロシアがアメリカ（William Cramp and Sons）に発注した戦艦であり、フィラデルフィアのクランプ造船所で建造された。1898年12月起工。1900年10月23日進水。1902年3月25日竣工。

太平洋艦隊所属となり黄海海戦に参加。1904年12月6日、旅順港内で日本軍の陸上攻撃により大破着底した。

1905年1月1日に捕獲され、5月29日から9月22日まで浮揚作業を実施、9月24日、日本海軍に編入され、旧国名「肥前国」にちなんで「肥前」と命名し一等戦艦に類別した。11月27日、佐世保に到着し修理に着手。12月12日、等級を廃止し戦艦となった。1908年11月、佐世保工廠における修理が完了した。

第一次世界大戦ではアメリカ西海岸などで活動。尼港事件の際には沿海州の警備に当たった。