thumb|300px|Interior of the Bakhmetevsky Bus Garage by [[Konstantin Melnikov|K.Melnikov and V.Shukhov, 1929, Moscow]]
thumb|300px|Melnikov's concept of free-flow garage layout

'''Bakhmetevsky Bus Garage''' was a public bus garage in Moscow, designed in 1926 by the architect Konstantin Melnikov and the engineer Vladimir Shukhov. Among the Russian architects, the best known are Vladimir Shukhov and Konstantin Melnikov. The building, completed in 1927, was an early example of applying avant-garde architectural methodes to an industrial facility.

====Original design====

In 1925, Melnikov travelled to Paris, supervising construction of his Soviet Pavilion at the Exposition Internationale des Arts Décoratifs et Industriels Modernes. There, he received private commissions for garage buildings integrated with bridges over Seine river. These drafts never got beyond concept stage, however, Melnikov found an economical layout that enabled parking large number of cars without ever using reverse gear.

Back in Moscow, Melnikov saw a new fleet of Leyland buses tucked into a narrow yard in Bolshaya Ordynka Street. He approached city transportation board and quickly sold his idea for a free-flow garage. It was built on a large lot in Bakhmetevskaya Street, 11 (then a working class suburb north from Novo-Ryazanskaya Street Truck Garage. Bakhmetevsky garage housed 104 buses on an area of 8500 square meters.

Bakhmetevsky Garage, sometimes associated with constructivist architecture, was in fact styled in an indefinite red-brick industrial livery; circular windows in the attic are the only avant-garde features (and even these were destroyed decades ago). What makes it stand out as an avant-garde landmark is its unorthodox, parallelogram-shaped floorplan and the subsequent influence on later industrial designs.

====Later development====

thumb|300px|コンスタンチン・メーリニコフとウラジーミル・シューホフによるバフメーチェフスキー・バス・ガレージの内装（[[1929年、 モスクワ）]]
'''バフメーチェフスキー・バス・ガレージ'''（'''Bakhmetevsky Bus Garage'''）は、バス・ガレージ。
メリニコフ）と技師のウラジーミル・シューホフにより手がけられた。バフメーチェフスキー・バス・ターミナルは、モスクワにおける産業建築物の最高傑作例と評価される。

1925年にパリでタクシー・ガレージを設計したメーリニコフは、イギリスから輸入した「レイランド」バスを使用することとなったバフメーチェフスキー・バス操車場と車庫の設計に取り掛かった。メーリニコフは、ここで、パリのタクシー・ガレージ同様、バックしないで車両の出し入れが可能なユニフロー・システムを導入し、効率的な機能を持つバス操車場を作り上げた。現在、ロシア構造主義建築の代表作として修復中である。

== 関連項目 ==