Les '''fedayin''' (aussi écrit ''feddayin'' ou aussi ''fedday'' ; pluriel de feda'i فدائي qui signifie celui qui se sacrifie pour quelque chose ou quelqu'un) sont de petits groupes de commandos palestiniens ne reconnaissant pas Israël et qui s'y opposent par les armes. Souvent mentionnés dans les années 1970, ils sont à la base des mouvements comme Hamas,ou le Jihad islamique.

==Historique==
Des petits groupes de palestiniens non entrainées et mal organisées mènent des raids contre Israël à partir de la Bande de Gaza, de la réfugiés qui tentent de récupérer une partie de leur biens abandonnés. Certains peuvent même apercevoir à quelques distances de la ligne d'armistice leurs maison, leurs champs, leur ferme dont ils ont été privés<ref>Xavier Baron : Les Palestiniens, Genèse d'une nation.  p 86.</ref>.

A la fin de 1954, c'est à partir de la Bande de Gaza que part la plupart des infiltrés, ce qui donna prétexte à Israël de mener un important raid sur la Bande le 28 février 1955. La conjoncture de ces deux facteurs déclenchera un cycle de raids et de représailles qui iront jusqu'à la crise de Suez en 1956<ref>Xavier Baron : Les Palestiniens, Genèse d'une nation.  p 86.</ref>.

Suite à l'occupation de la résolution 242 (1967)), le 16 septembre, forme un gouvernement militaire et l'armée reçoit l'ordre d'intervenir contre le FPLP de George Habache.

Les combats, d'une violence inouïe, font entre 10 000 et 15 000 victimes palestiniennes, y compris civiles; ils se poursuivent jusqu'au 27 septembre. Moins d'une année plus tard, l'OLP (dont le FPLP était une branche) est totalement évincée de Jordanie, et ainsi les mouvements de lutte palestiniens se voient radicalement restreints.

Il y a aussi les fedayin du peuple (http://www.iranian-fedaii.de/), un groupe d'opposition contre le pourvoir iranien. Sans oublier les fedayin Saddam, l'une des composante de la guerilla sunnite en Irak

'''Fedayeen''' (, ''fidā'ī'', plural ''fidā'īyun'': meaning, "freedom fighter(s)"<ref name=Nawawy></ref> or "self-sacrificer(s)"<ref name=Rea></ref>) is a term used to describe several distinct, primarily Arab militant groups and individuals at different times in history.

==Overview==
Fedayeen are a group of people known to be volunteers, not connected to an organized government or military, in the Arab and Muslim world. They are usually deployed for a cause where the government has been viewed as failure or non-existent. They are associated with the role of resistance against occupation or tyranny. The name "fedayeen" is used to refer to armed struggle against any form of enslavement basing their actions on resistance.

==Palestinians==<!-- This section is linked from Black September (group) --> 

Armed militias known as the fedayeen, grew from militant elements within the Palestinian refugee population.The Fedayeen made efforts to infiltrate and strike against Israelis and their allies.  Members of these groups were largely based within the refugee communities living in Egyptian-controlled Gaza, Jordanian-controlled West Bank, or in neighboring Lebanon, and Syria.

During this time (1948-c.1965), the word entered international usage and was frequently used in newspaper articles and political speeches as a synonym for great militancy. Since the mid-1960s and the rise of more organized and specific militant groups, such as the PLO, the word has fallen out of usage, but not in the historical context.

==Egypt==
During the 1940s, a group of civilians volunteered to combat the British occupation of Egyptian land around the Suez Canal. The British had deployed military bases along the coast of the Suez Canal under the claim of protection. Egyptians viewed this as an invasion against their sovereign power over their country. While the Egyptian government didn't refuse the action, the people's leaders organized groups of Fedayeen who were trained to combat and kill British soldiers everywhere in Egypt, including the military bases. Those groups were viewed very highly among the Egyptian population. They were held in the ranks of heroes who sacrifice their lives for the good of their country.

==Iran==
Two very different groups used the name Fedayeen in recent Iranian history. Islamic Revolution of Iran<sup>(Citation Needed)</sup>.   

A Marxist-leaning activist group known as the Fedayeen (Fadayian in Persian language) was founded in 1971 and based in Shah, after which the group was suppressed. That struggle continued however and eventually culminated in the Iranian Revolution of 1979.

In 1979 the Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas split from the Organization of Iranian People's Fedaian (Majority).

==Iraq==
Beginning in 1995, Ba'athist government. The name was chosen to imply a connection with the Palestinian Fedayeen. In July 2003, the personnel records of the entire Fedayeen organization in Iraq was discovered in the basement of the former Fedayeen headquarters in east First Armored Division troops and resulted in a sweeping operation in Baghdad that led to the arrest of several Fedayeen generals.

==Armenia==