==Események==
* A párizsi béke lezárja a Krími háborút.
* Megalakul az európai Duna Bizottság.
* Jókai Mór megalapítja a Nagy Tükör című lapot.
* Február 3. – megjelenik az Uylenspiegel nevű belga lap 
* bazilikát.

==Születések==
* március 16. – IV. Napóleon, császári herceg (†&nbsp;1879)
* május 6. – Sigmund Freud, neurológus (†&nbsp;1939)
* június 21. – Stróbl Alajos, szobrász (†&nbsp;1926)
* július 4. – Téry Ödön, a magyar turistamozgalom egyik alapítója (†&nbsp;1917)
* július 10. – Nikola Tesla, horvát származású elektromérnök, fizikus (†&nbsp;1943)
* július 12. – Habsburg-Lotharingiai Gizella főhercegnő (†&nbsp;1932)
* július 26. – George Bernard Shaw, ír drámaíró (†&nbsp;1950)
* szeptember 1. – Szergej Vinogradszkij, orosz származású francia bakteriológus (†&nbsp;1953)
* szeptember 12. – Gracza György, újságíró, író, történetíró (†&nbsp;1908)
* szeptember 23. – Szontagh Erzsébet, a csetneki csipke egyik létrehozója (†&nbsp;1917)
* november 29. – Ábrányiné Katona Clementina, magyar író, publicista, zenekritikus (†&nbsp;1932)   
* december 8. – Thallóczy Lajos, magyar történész (†&nbsp;1916)
* december 18. – Joseph John Thomson, angol Nobel-díjas fizikus, az elektron felfedezője (†&nbsp;1940)
* december 25. – Feszty Árpád, festőművész (†&nbsp;1914)

==Halálozások==
* február 17. – Heinrich Heine, német költő (*&nbsp;1797)
* február 18. – Ivan Fjodorovics Paszkevics, orosz tábornagy (*&nbsp;1782)
* június 2. – Fjodor Vasziljevics Rüdiger, cári lovassági tábornok (*&nbsp;1784)
* július 29. – Robert Schumann (*&nbsp;1810)
* október 11. – Guyon Richárd, honvéd tábornok (*&nbsp;1813)
* francia festőművész (*&nbsp;1797)
* november 20. – Bolyai Farkas (*&nbsp;1775)

Kategória:19. század

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Year '''1856''' ('''MDCCCLVI''') was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Sunday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar).
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==Events of 1856==
===January - June===
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thumb|250px|right| [[January 29: Victoria Cross.]]
* January 8 - Borax is discovered (John Veatch).
* Free-State Topeka government in Bleeding Kansas to be in rebellion.
* January 26 - First Battle of Seattle (1856).  Marines from the USS Decatur drive off American Indian attackers after all day battle with settlers.
* Victoria institutes the Victoria Cross
* February - The Tintic War in Utah.
* February 1 - Auburn University is first chartered as the East Alabama Male College.
* February 2 - Dallas, Texas incorporated as a city. 
* February 7 - The nawab of Oudh Wajid Ali Shah is exiled to Metiabruz
* Know-Nothings) convene in Presidential candidate, former President Millard Fillmore.
* March 5 - Fire destroys Covent Garden Theatre
* March 6 - Maryland Agricultural College (present-day University of Maryland, College Park) chartered
* Tuscaloosa, AL.
* Walker's soldiers
* March 24 - Taiping Rebellion: Suspecting treachery on the part of East King Yang Xiuqing, Shi Dakai garrisons Anhui and begins his march back to the Heavenly Capital, having defeated a strong Xiang Army dettachment.
* March 31 - The Treaty of Paris (1856) is signed, ending the Crimean War
thumb|220px|right| [[March 5: Covent Garden Theatre fire.]]
* April 7 - Foundation of Nelson College, Nelson, New Zealand
* April 10 - Theta Chi Fraternity founded at Norwich University
* Isabela province in the Philippines in honor to the Queen of Spain, Queen Isabela II.
* Democratic Party officials and disbands itself on August 18
* slavery forces (the "Sacking of Lawrence").
* Congressman Senator Charles Sumner with a cane in the hall of the United States Senate for a speech Sumner had made attacking Southerners who sympathized with the pro-slavery violence in Kansas ("Bleeding Kansas"). Sumner was unable to return to duty for three years while he recovered. Brooks became a hero across the South.
* John Brown kill five homesteaders in Franklin County, Kansas
* John Brown, in Bleeding Kansas.
* Mormons leave Iowa City, Iowa and head west for Salt Lake City, Utah carrying all their possessions in two-wheeled handcarts.
* June 13 - Taiping Rebellion: Shi Dakai arrives at Nanjing.

===July - December===
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* July 17 - The Great Train Wreck of 1856 was the worst railroad calamity in the world to date, occurring near Philadelphia, PA, USA.
* July 31 - Christchurch, New Zealand chartered as a city.
* August 10 - Hurricane destroys Last Island, Louisiana - 400 dead. The whole island was broken up into several smaller islands by the storm.
* August 30 - Battle of Osawatomie between proslavery and antislavery forces in Bleeding Kansas.
* September 1 - Seton Hall University was founded by Archdiocese of Newark Bishop James Roosevelt Bayley, a cousin of U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt and nephew of Saint Elizabeth Ann Seton. 
* September 2 - Taiping Rebellion: Wei Changhui and Qin Rigang assassinate Yang Xiuqing.
* Pearl River.
* November 1 - Anglo-Persian War: War Is declared between Great Britain and Persia.
* Democrat Know-Nothings" and Whigs, and Republican Party to become the 15th President of the United States.
* November 11 - Taiping Rebellion: Shi Dakai arrives at the Heavenly Capital once more with 100,000 men and demands that Wei Changhui and Qin Rigang be executed. Shi subsequently becomes head of the government.
* Fort Buchanan in order to help control new land acquired in the Gadsden Purchase.
* November 21 - Niagara University founded in Niagara Falls, New York.
* British.

===Undated===
thumb|110px|right| [[Gregor Mendel.]]
* Gregor Mendel starts his research on genetics.
* British ''Country and Borough Police Act'' extends London police model to all of England and Wales.
* Kate Warne, the first female private detective, begins to work for the Pinkerton Detective Agency
* Pre-human remains found in the Neanderthal valley in Germany.
* National Portrait Gallery in London opened.
* Founding year of St. Paul's School, Camp, Belgaum.
*Western Union is founded.

===Ongoing events===
* Anglo-Persian War (1856-1857)
* Crimean War (1854-1856)
* Second Opium War (1856-1860)
* Taiping Rebellion (1851-1864)

==Births==

===January - June===
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*January 11 - Christian Sinding, Norwegian composer (d. 1941)
*January 12 - John Singer Sargent, American-born artist (d. 1925)
*February 2 - Frederick William Vanderbilt, American railway magnate  (d. 1938)
*February 14 - Frank Harris, Irish author and editor (d. 1931)
*28 - Maurycy Gottlieb, Ukrainian painter (d. 1879)
*March 4 - Alfred William Rich, English watercolour painter and author (d. 1921)
*March 8 
**Bramwell Booth, Salvation Army general (d. 1929)
**Tom Roberts, Australian artist (d. 1931)
*Napoléon Eugène Louis John Joseph, Prince Imperial, son of French Emperor Napoleon III (d. 1879) 
*March 20
**Sir John Lavery, Irish artist (d. 1941)
**Frederick Winslow Taylor, American inventor and efficiency expert (d. 1915)
*April 5 - Booker T. Washington, American educator (d. 1915)
*April 12 - William Martin Conway, British art critic and mountaineer (d. 1937)
*April 24 - Henri Philippe Pétain, French soldier and statesman (d. 1951)
*April 26 - Sir Joseph Ward, 17th Prime Minister of New Zealand (d. 1930)
*April 27 - Tongzhi Emperor, Emperor of China (d. 1875)
*May 6 
**Sigmund Freud, Austrian psychiatrist (d. 1939)
**Robert Peary, American Arctic explorer (d. 1920)
*May 15 - L. Frank Baum, American author (d. 1919)
*June 14 - Andrey Markov, Russian mathematician (d. 1922)

===July - December=== 
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*July 23 - Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Indian political activist (d. 1920)
*July 10 - Nikola Tesla, Serbian inventor (d. 1943)
*Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1950)
*August 10 - William Willett, inventor of Daylight Saving Time (d. 1915)
*August 13 - Alfred Deakin, second Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1919)
*Ukrainian poet, critic, journalist and political activist (d. 1916)
*September 1 - Sergei Winogradsky, Russian scientist (d. 1953)
*September 18 - Wilhelm von Gloeden, German photographer (d. 1931)
*November 13 - Louis Brandeis, U.S. Supreme Court Justice (d. 1941)
*November 21 - William Emerson Ritter, American biologist (d. 1944)
*November 22 - Heber J. Grant, seventh president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (d. 1945)
*November 24  - Bat Masterson, American lawman (d. 1921)
*November 29 - Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg, Chancellor of Germany (d. 1921)
*December 11 - Georgi Plekhanov, Russian revolutionary and Marxist theoretician (d. 1918)
*December 13 - Svetozar Boroević, Austrian field marshal (d. 1920)
*Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1940)
December 20 -- Woodrow Wilson is born, Staunton Virginia, President USA, Nobel Prize in Peace, 
*December 22 - Frank B. Kellogg, United States Secretary of State, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1937)
*December 25 - Hans von Bartels, German painter (d. 1913)
*December 28 - Woodrow Wilson, 28th President of the United States, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1924)

: ''See also :Category: 1856 births.''

==Deaths==
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* January 16 - Thaddeus William Harris, American naturalist (b. 1795)
* Khedrup Gyatso, eleventh Dalai Lama (b. 1838)
* February 17 - Heinrich Heine, German writer (b. 1797)
* May 3 - Adolphe Charles Adam, French composer (b. 1803)
* June 23 - Ivan Kireevsky, Russian literary critic and philosopher (b. 1806)
* July 9 - Amedeo Avogadro, Italian chemist (b. 1776) 
* July 29 - Robert Schumann, German composer and pianist
* August 29 - Mary Anne Schimmelpenninck, British Christian writer (b. 1778)
* August 30 - Gilbert Abbott à Beckett, English writer (b. 1811)
* October 19 - William Sprague III, American politician from Rhode Island (b. 1799)
* December 20 - Francesco Bentivegna, Italian revolutionary (b. 1820)

: ''See also :Category: 1856 deaths.''

 

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